“门庭若市”——古巴街头

在古巴旅行时,发现一些比较有意思的场景。老城区有许多平房,推开客厅或起居室或其他空间的门,外面就是车来人往的道路,私人的密闭空间与室外的公共空间仅一门(窗)之隔。这种没有明显灰空间过渡的的地方,成了当地人交流聚集活动的区域。入口处的台阶门槛,或者是上方的屋檐,住户会在闲暇时刻坐在门口发呆,看着外面发生的一切。而在门关闭时,外面有人路过,也经常会有停下来休息,点起一支雪茄,开始重复昨天的时光。也有人会在门口摆张桌子,几个人围在一起打麻将。狭小的路上洒满了生活。



这个场景也非常有意思。我发现当地人对于这种听到音乐后就开始不由自主地舞动,仿佛是写进了基因一般。当时正在一个餐厅的外摆吃饭,桌子也就是放在路边。对面站着2个人,不清楚是什么关系。但似乎是在争吵着(单方面)什么事情。接着我身后餐厅内,有一支乐队,开始了演奏,而这对原本在争吵的人两人,仿佛逐渐被音乐控制了一般,一边板着个脸,一边不自觉地手舞足蹈了起来,特别好玩。(大姐看起来有点凶,没有敢拍太多)





身处逆境,面向光明


“那个光灵,

凝聚着双重光华,

开始在我的眼前歌唱。”

——但丁《神曲》天堂篇第七章


建筑摄影
梅可嘉
architectural photograph
architecture


建筑坐落池塘田野间的小村落,是村民老袁的家。建筑师根据委托需要将其改为酒吧。略显残旧的土坯砖屋子,承载着家族几代人的记忆。


“结合房屋本有的幽暗和酒吧对于氛围的需求,我们在三间房里创造了一组连续的三部曲:从艰难中寻找出口、曲折处发现点点希望、进而迎来光明。”——设计师李冀老师


结构模型

实验模型

实验模型

实验模型

diagram©原地建筑

diagram©原地建筑


内置的钢结构与房屋原有材料之间形成强烈的对比,建筑师在转折幽暗的通道空间中,引入了一些光线,折射出了原先艰苦黑暗的历史以及对光明的渴望 。



主厅在保留原有空间的同时,去除了吊顶及墙面的抹灰,露出了原有的土坯砖材料及青瓦,再将少量的瓦片置换成玻璃瓦,白天屋内会透入少量的光线,让室内氛围变得有仪式感。


清理现场©原地建筑


南面的房间,光线充足,建筑师结合房屋窗口实际的位置,在窗洞上安装了几组三棱镜装置,光线穿过时,可以分解出彩虹光线。随着时间的变化,彩虹的位置也会随着光线的移动,缓慢扫过屋子。



“这种喜悦受制于天气而带有运气成分,但也更增强了得来不易的感触与期待。”——设计师李冀老师




设计单位:原地建筑

设计师:李冀

摄影:梅可嘉

注:部分视频、现场图片来自原地建筑



Photography: Rock Church, Helsinki

凿穴为“谱”,为上帝演奏

Burrow for notation, play for god


作为北欧五国之一,芬兰有着特殊的民族文化,低调而内敛。西苏精神与芬兰设计相结合,造就了不少芬兰神话。不同于其他以砖石或木结构为基础的教堂,岩石教堂在当地甚至在全世界,都是独一无二的存在。


As one of the five Nordic countries, Finland has a special national culture, low profiled and introverted. The combination of Sisu spirit and Finnish design has created many Finnish myths. Unlike other churches based on brick and stone or wood structures, rock church is unique in the local area and even in the world.


建筑摄影
architectural photograph
梅可嘉
kejiamei
建筑
architecture
摄影

岩石教堂远观,view in distance

看向教堂穹顶,view of the dome


起初在修建教堂前,由于周边没有合适用地,只剩一块岩石小山丘。有人提议炸平岩石修建教堂,也有人提议保留环境现状,设计方案引来各种争议。最后,来自霍格兰的兄弟建筑师,蒂莫·索马莱宁和图奥莫·索马莱宁的设计方案脱颖而出。或许两人从小就生长在一个遍布石崖洞窟的环境中,这种崇尚自然设计理念早已深入了设计师的潜意识中。


Before building the church, there was only a small rocky hill, and no other suitable lands around. Proposals ranging from blasting the rock to build the church to preserving the status quo have attracted controversy. In the end, two architect brothers Timo Suomalainen and Tuomo Suomalainen from Hoagland stood out. Maybe because they grew up in an environment that was full of rock cliff caves, the concept of advocating natural design has long been deep in their subconscious.


教堂采用直接在岩石中,向下开凿,掏空岩石内部而成。从外部看,教堂比周围的建筑都要低矮一大截。教堂内四周的墙身保留了开凿石块后原有的肌理与施工痕迹。


The church is made by cutting directly into the rock and hollowing out the inside of the rock. From the outside, the church is much lower than the surrounding buildings. The walls inside and around the church retain the original texture and traces of construction from the stone cutting.


教堂入口,view of the entrance

教堂入口,view of the entrance


墙上挂着由3001根管子组成的管风琴,演出时发出的声音能与四周的岩石产生共振的回音效果。教堂的穹顶是由22公里的铜条盘绕而成,直径为24米的圆。并由100根放射状钢筋混凝土梁与岩石壁上的碎石相连接,混凝土梁之间用玻璃封堵,从下往上看,仿佛穹顶漂浮在空中。


A pipe organ made up of 3,001 pipes hung on the wall, producing a sound that resonates with the surrounding rocks. The dome of the church is a 24 meters diameter circle witch is made up of 22 kilometers of coiled copper strips. It is connected by 100 radial reinforced concrete beams with rubble on the rock walls, which are blocked by glass, as if the dome is floating in the air from below.


室内空间概览,overview of the interior space

从二层看祭坛,view of the altar from the second floor ©梅可嘉

从二层看祭坛,view of the altar from the second floor ©梅可嘉

100根放射状钢筋混凝土梁与岩石壁上的碎石相连接,100 radial reinforced concrete beams ©梅可嘉


岩壁上的碎石是施工时炸碎的岩石堆砌而成,每块石头都进行精心挑选,下雨或者融雪时,水滴会从岩石缝中渗出,顺着岩壁流入地下的排水,整体设计都体现着芬兰人崇尚自然的古朴审美。教堂内的祭坛位置,经过精心计算,在夏季做礼拜时,阳光会透过天窗,洒到祭坛上,让教堂显得更加神圣。


The rubble on the rock face is a pile of rocks that were blown up during construction. Each stone is carefully selected. When it rains or melts snow, water droplets will seep out of the cracks in the rock and flow down the rock into the ground for drainage. The overall design reflects the primitive aesthetics of Finns who admire nature. The location of the altar in the church has been carefully calculated so that during summer services, sunlight will shine on the altar through the skylight, making the church more sacred.


看向墙上管风琴,view of the pipe organ on the wall ©梅可嘉

墙体细部,details

岩石教堂座位区,seating area ©梅可嘉

墙边烛台,candlestick by the wall

墙边烛台,candlestick by the wall




摄影:梅可嘉

文章:梅可嘉